ИСТИНА

The ICON-Ru and COSMO-Ru simulated cloud characteristics and the effects of cloud-radiation interaction in different cloud regimes were studied. Cloud regimes were analyzed using standard meteorological observations and satellite measurements over Europe using MODIS data (Collection 6, level 2) available at the LAADS DAAC system (https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov). ICON and COSMO use a two-moment microphysics (Seifert and Beheng, 2006) and turbulence scheme according to the (Raschendorfer, 2001). Models have a liquid cloud nucleation scheme to describe the indirect aerosol effects (Segal and Khain, 2006). The radiative transfer is provided by the ecRad radiation scheme (Bozzo and Hogan, 2016) in ICON and delta two-stream scheme (Ritter and Geleyn, 1992) in COSMO. We analyzed the cloud top air pressure and temperature, the cloud optical thickness, the total cloud amount and phase to divide the cloud conditions according to the methods (Xu et al., 2016; Rossow and Schiffer, 1999). Using the separation of cloud regimes, we can take into account the grid scale and the subgrid scale parts of simulated cloud characteristics and analyze the effects of various scales on radiative fluxes. The analysis of ICON-Ru and COSMO-Ru simulations was performed using satellite and ground-based measurements. We applied data of Cloudnet project (https://cloudnet.fmi.fi) to evaluate cloud characteristics and BSRN observations (https://bsrn.awi.de) to assess radiative fluxes at ground. The Cloudnet project provides retrievals of cloud characteristics by the integrated cloud observations (Illingworth et al., 2007). Additionally, we used cloud and radiation of 1 km MODIS data (Paltnick et al., 2020) and the 20 km CERES observations (Kratz et al., 2020). A comparative analysis of the models was performed. Cloud optical properties and solar irradiance at ground according to ICON simulations are more successful than COSMO results. Acknowledgments. The study of indirect aerosol effects has been supported by the Russian Government (grant number 075-15-2021-574).