ИСТИНА

Основная научная проблема, на которую направлен проект - получение органоалкоксисиланов из доступного и экологически чистого сырья, минуя хлорные переделы. Наиболее подходящим сырьем является ДМЭ. Проблема заключается в относительной инертности ДМЭ по отношению к кремнию и выраженной гетерофазности процесса (газ- твёрдое тело). Поэтому основной целью проекта является поиск и развитие способов активации ДМЭ и металлического кремния и нахождения температурного «окна», в котором максимумы активности интермедиатов ДМЭ и металлического кремния - совпадают. При этом целевым продуктом должен быть диметилдиалкоксисилан, т.к. 85-90% всей кремнийорганической продукции составляют диметилсилоксаны. Альтернативой такому подходу является конверсия ДМЭ в более реакционноспособные прекурсоры, например, диметилкарбонат (ДМК). Проблемой такого подхода является дополнительная стадия получения ДМК. Поэтому в цели работы будет входить получение ДМК in situ, т.е. одновременно с прямым синтезом метилалкоксиисланов.

The most important problem for the transition to chlorine-free technologies for the production of silicones is the synthesis of dimethyldialkoxysilane; more than 90% of the world production of silicones is based on difunctional dimethylsilane. In principle, the problem of chlorine-free synthesis of dimethyldialkoxysilane has been solved, but the creation of promising processes is still a long way off. The point is that both the catalytic mixtures and the starting compounds used in the demonstration experiments are not applicable on an industrial scale and remain an unattainable exotic. Meanwhile, there is an ideal reagent for producing dimethyldimethoxysilane by direct interaction with silicon - dimethyl ether. A product of methane processing, one of the most affordable and promising synthons for natural gas processing. Until very recently, it was not possible to combine in time and reaction space the activated surface of metallic silicon with the products of homo- or heterolytic decomposition of dimethyl ether. This project is dedicated to finding ways to solve this problem. The realization of such a reaction is the quintessence of modern approaches in chemistry. The reaction is an atom-economical addition process and is not accompanied by the formation of by-products. And the importance of this process for the new generation of silicones cannot be overestimated. At the same time, despite the seeming simplicity, the solution of this problem requires the creation of original approaches to the implementation of such a synthesis and deep penetration into the mechanism of this process. The version of the black box method that was used in the synthesis of dimethyldichlorosilane (a key monomer of previous technological generations) is definitely not very promising for such an ambiguous pair of reagents. To implement the project, studies will be carried out on ways to activate DME. This implies two approaches to the activation of DME. The first is the conversion of DME into more reactive compounds, such as DMC. Second, the activation of DME directly in the direct synthesis of organoalkoxysilanes. It is expected that studies of the reaction mechanism of silicon with organic precursors will lay the foundation for an environmentally friendly and economical technology for the production of organosilicon monomers. Given the heterogeneity of the complex catalytic process, the study will be of a complex interdisciplinary nature with the widespread use of modern methods, among them for solid state studies: PXRD, XPS, IR, CR, SEM-EDX. For the study of liquid products: 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR, GC-MS, GC. For processes occurring directly in the reaction zone, IR, CR, TGA, DSC - in situ. The team of authors, along with experienced synthetics, includes experts in the application of the listed methods.